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Defence-class ironclad
The ''Defence''-class ironclads were a class of two warships built for the Royal Navy between 1859 and 1862. The ships were designed as armoured frigates〔Ironclad is the all-encompassing term for armoured warships of this period. Armoured frigates were basically designed for the same role as traditional wooden frigates, but this later changed as the size and expense of these ships forced them to be used in the line of battle.〕 in response to an invasion scare sparked by the launch of the and her three sisters in 1858. They were initially armed with a mix of rifled breech-loading and muzzle-loading smoothbore guns, but the Armstrong breech-loading guns proved unreliable and were withdrawn from service after a few years.
Both ships were initially assigned to the Channel Squadron, but was transferred to the Mediterranean Squadron in 1864. The ships were rearmed in the late 1860s after the completion of their first commission. They alternated between assignments with the fleet and guardship duties with the First Reserve for the rest of their careers. ''Resistance'' was the first to be paid off in 1880 and was used as a target for gunnery and torpedo trials beginning in 1885. She was sold for ship breaking in 1898, but wrecked en route to the breaker's yard. was paid off in 1885 and she became a stationary training ship in 1890 until she was sold for scrap in 1935.
==Background==
In 1859 the Admiralty was not yet convinced that the very expensive (£377,000) s,〔 which was over double that of wooden, steam-powered ships of the line,〔Brown, p. 14〕 had to be accepted as the norm. They noted that the armour plate of the ''Warrior''s was adequate to deflect all ordnance currently afloat, and high speed was not necessary to prevent existing wooden ships from massing their fire against the ironclads. Their Lordships therefore requested a design which, while carrying the same armour, was smaller and slower, and thus cheaper, than the ''Warrior''s. Rear Admiral Sir Baldwin Wake Walker, Controller of the Navy, proposed that six ships be built to this design, but he was over-ruled and only two were ordered on 14 December 1859.〔
The Admiralty's decision saddled the Royal Navy with a pair of ships that could not operate with the ''Warrior''s in a tactical squadron and were inferior to the French ironclads then under construction. The naval architect Sir Nathaniel Barnaby, a future Constructor of the Navy, considered that a ''Defence''-class ship was worth one quarter of a ''Warrior'' in terms of combat, although they cost about two-thirds as much.〔Parkes, p. 25〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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